In Nature, Nothing is Straight

 

When I fly into a city, what strikes me most are all the straight lines: long grids of streets and highways bisected at neat 90 degree angles, set with rectangular buildings, miles of telephone wires and railroad tracks.   This is especially striking in flat terrain, like Phoenix and Houston.  

Civil engineers can feel rightly proud of their profession.  They have transformed these landscapes into humanscapes, capable of providing transportation, communication, electricity, water, and housing for millions of people.

Alaska, of course, is not like that.  Our land is too rugged and our population small.  Our biggest city, Anchorage, has a straight grid of streets (numbered and lettered), but for only about 270,000 people before it runs out of room, between the mountains and the sea.  Because of both the land and the population outside this one municipality, we have only three numbered highways.  Many of our homes and communities are accessible only by marine highway (ferries) or, like mine, by small airplane. 

Personally, I think this is marvelous… 

Because there are no roads or electricity or other humanscape where I live (other than my own habitation structures), I am alert to the fact that in the biological and botanical world, NOTHING natural is straight.  Everything is curved, and for practical reasons. Curved surface areas of leaves and tree trunks receive and shed more sun and precipitation.  Mountains are shaped by ice, wind, and rain.  Circuitous streams and rivers and bogs capture and carry more water.  Nothing in human and animal bodies is straight either.  Think of the walnut curves in our brains, or the elliptical nature of our intestines, not to mention the vascular system.

To me (and I bet some psychology grad students have documented this), curves are more calming and attractive than straight lines. 

 

Speaking of psychology, we use terms like, “Life throws us a curve ball.” We never say that “Life throws us a line drive.” 

I wonder if physically and psychologically, we are more naturally, positively attuned to curves than the straight lines in benches, seating arrangements, buildings and roads. 

…    

When our float (or ski) plane rises above our lake in the Alaska bush, bearing my husband, dog, and me to anyplace else, I love looking down from 1200 feet to survey the natural landscape.  Because we have no pollution here, I can see much farther (from the ground or in the air) than in cities (even from our previous 17^th floor condo in a high-rise in Houston, TX.)   Here, I can see the Alaska Range, with Denali its pinnacle, about 200 miles north.   Whether summer green or winter white, every path of water, every beach, every stand of trees and plant life is sinuous.  Every mountain range, too.

As a result, my eye, like those of search and rescue spotters, is automatically drawn to those occasions of “what does not fit” in this view.  What stands out most is a straight line and something unnaturally shiny.  This is usually a bit of cabin roof line, flashing in the sun, or the gunnels of a metal boat or the long edge of a private plane’s wing in glossy yellow or white.

Aloft from our lake,  how long does it take before I see my first hint of human construction?  After ten minutes, I see a sliver of silver roof line. The roofs of these older cabins were creatively “shingled” with used fuel oil containers.  The shiny metal was cut, flattened, and nailed onto wooden roof planks or plywood.  Good repurposing.

In twelve minutes, we peer down at a river lined with cabins set five acres apart on a bluff.  Depending on the fish runs, we see 6 or 10 motor boats, but none today.  The braided river winds slowly south around sandbars and downed trees, carrying glacial silt from the Alaska Range to the Cook Inlet.  The name is Susitna.  In the Athabaskan language, the –na denotes a river and the –susit apparently refers to the glacial silt suspended in the river, turning it a milky color. 

Over the ensuing ten minutes, I see increasing indications of population:  asphalt roads, wooden telephone poles, cleared properties populated with vehicles and buildings in various states of use, repair, and functionality. 

We glide onto a lake adjacent to a major road and taxi to shore.  I open the gull wing passenger door, wait for my husband to stop the engine (which turns off the propeller), and drop down to the float, scoot under the diagonal struts, pick up the tow line, and jump to shore, less nimbly, I must admit, than a decade ago. 

After we secure the plane, we venture out to city errands in a vehicle we store there.  For the first time in many months, I open my wallet (often) for services, like a dentist or purchases we cannot grow, like citrus, coffee, and chocolate, and modern day conveniences that we cannot make, like hoses and gaskets and coaxial cable.  After not thinking about money for many months at home, it seems to me that in a city, that is foremost on my mind.

Even here in Alaska, with its gorgeous mountains, forests, and streams, my low view along the road is of really unattractive strip centers and parking lots.  My olfactory and auditory senses are assaulted by the sound and smell of vehicles on the road.  In a doctor’s waiting room or a restaurant, I feel awkward, almost embarrassed, by how close people are and how we can overhear conversations.  But people on the road do not seem to mind these noises and smells and lack of privacy.  They are used to the population density and its intrusions. 

My home is different.

Here, if I want to hear a human sound, I have to make it.  Only one other couple lives within many miles of us, and they tend to be quiet, too.

When I return home, and walk among the plants and woods of my property, along sinuous (of course) paths among berry bushes and spruce and birch trees, I notice that I breathe deeper than I do in a city.  Partly, this is because everything smells so good.  I inhale whichever berries or flowers are peaking, as well as the spruce, clover, and sweet grass.  And partly. this deep breathing is a sign of contentment and relaxation. 

When people are stressed out, we tend to breathe more shallowly. 

I acknowledge that some urbanites freak out in nature (we had a dear friend from Mumbai who had a panic attack out here the first day due to the silence and openness. It was totally unfamiliar.  No straight lines.  No cars and honking and crowds and the smells that emanate from all of them.  She had to fly back to the “big city” of Anchorage the next day and then to a city of many million people that felt  more comfortable to her.

Cities with infrastructure are impressive social and physical constructions where populations grow and develop culturally significant arts, technologies, and skills because large populations support specialization.  I enjoyed living in cities for decades and, because I no longer do, I respect all the hidden requirements that make them work (like sewage and water treatment and electricity, and traffic lights). 

But for more than a dozen years, I have chosen to listen to different sounds, see different lines, smell different scents.  These years living in the woods have changed me.  I have a deep sense of belonging here that was lacking in all those straight places, that lead... where?

Dog Days of Summer (where does that evocative phrase come from?)

 

The most urban of urbanites, who would not be caught dead beyond the highways and high rises of their favorite cities, may well evade many aspects of the natural world.  But one powerful aspect of Mother Nature, weather, imposes its will in even the most human of man made environments. 

Bee hive check for population and production

 

For many readers,, weather determines the clothes we wear, the design of our homes (we hope) and the utility bills we pay.  But for all history and even today, weather determines feast or famine, and death by freezing cold or excessive heat and all sorts of  disasters, like hurricanes, flooding, and tornadoes.

So it is not surprise that most religions have deities not only of weather, but of particular aspects of it, like storms, sun, rain.  Nor is it surprising that the constellations, which we see at particular times of year, are associated with the weather of that season.

I love researching the etymology of evocative phrases.  “The dog days of summer” intrigued me to find the best description to share with readers.

Below is a well written article from www.dictionary.com that explains this term that dates back to the ancient  Greeks.  Can you guess why?  Read below.

July 15, 2015 article, no author identified

Origin of Dog Days

It’s hot again, up in the Northern Hemisphere. It’s that time of year when the sun shines its most unforgiving beams, baking the ground and, indeed, us. It’s the portion of summer known as the hottest time of the year. Or, more delightfully, the dog days.

 

Contrary to common conjecture, the dog days do not take their peculiar name from weather that “isn’t fit for a dog,” or heat that is so extreme it drives dogs mad. These folk etymologies shrink in comparison with the actual background of the phrase, a story of astronomical proportions.

 

The dog days, in the most technical sense, refer to the one- to two-month interval in which a particularly bright star rises and sets with the sun, shining during the daylight hours and staying hidden at night. This star is known by three names: Sirius, the Dog Star, and Alpha Canis Majoris. Apart from being the most prominent star in the constellation Canis Major (Latin for “Greater Dog”), this heavenly body is responsible for the origin of the expression dog days, a phrase that has endured through millennia.

 

One of our hives swarming in mid-July

Classicists and astronomers will know the Dog Star as Sirius. The earliest record of this name comes from the Greek poet Hesiod, in Work and Days, written in seventh century BC. Meaning “searing” or “scorching,” Sirius encapsulates the Dog Star’s unusual brightness. Additionally, in Greek mythology Sirius is the name of the dog of Orion (a mythical hunter who has a constellation of his own adjacent to Canis Major), which further reinforces the Dog Star’s historical associations with canines. This tradition continues in the Harry Potter series; Sirius Black’s Animagus form is a large black dog.

 

The Dog Star’s connection to dogs was not only maintained by constellations and mythology, it was boosted by the fact that dogs seemed to take the brunt of the dog days. They suffered from the heat more intensely than humans seemed to, and were at greater risk of madness.

 

The English phrase dog days, which entered the language in the 1500s, is a direct translation from the Latin term caniculares dies, which refers to this specific seasonal phenomenon and is modeled after the same term in Hellenistic Greek. It is also from Latin that we got the word canicular, which refers to the Dog Star, as well the precursor to the expression dog days: canicular days.

 

The Dog Star, being the second brightest star that can be seen with the naked eye, did not escape the attention of ancient astronomers. Nor did its annual disappearance from the night sky and the corresponding influx of heat. Initially, ancient Greeks blamed the Dog Star for the sweltering weather, assuming that its brightness paired with the sun manifested in the hottest days of the year. This belief was debunked in the first-century BC by Greek astronomer Geminus, but the significance of the Dog Star remained untempered.

 

About 100 potatoes, various varietals

In ancient times, the dog days would have roughly corresponded to the summer solstice. Due to precession, however, the days have fallen later and later in the year. The exact dates of the dog days depend on your latitude, but by today’s estimation they begin on July 3 and come to a close on August 11.

 

Humans have been griping about the weather as far back as written history reaches, and the dog days were an important time for all. The Ancient Greeks and Romans, in particular, had grim feelings for Sirius, associating it with an outbreak of insufferable heat and fever. Civilization has long credited the objects in the sky with influence over the earth and its inhabitants; if it’s not the Dog Star cursing you with sultry summer heat and madness it’s the moon driving you to lunacy. It seems you can’t win when it comes to the celestial bodies. (end of article)

 

The heat conveyed by the word choice, Sirius, and the phrase, dog days of summer, may sound cute to someone who can retreat to a shady interior cooled by air conditioning.  But for thousands of years, including today, a scorching end of the growing season means that food crops bolt and die before the optimal size and condition for harvesting.  Fruits shrivel and drop from the trees.  Shallow rooted plants, even perennials, can die. Honey bees will swarm because the hive gets too crowded and hot and they need "to thin the herd." Normal irrigation is inadequate and additional water may be unavailable when rivers run low and warm, which can kill fish, as well.  

People dependent on the food they grow fear weather outside a fairly narrow range for optimal growth.  Too much heat, too much rain, too late or early a frost all result in a winter of food rationing and hopes for an early spring.  This is why so many first people were nomadic and did NOT settle down to year round agriculture.  It was unpredictable.  It seemed more prudent to travel to places with robust seasons of hunting, trapping, and fishing, with the bonus of gathering and preserving plant materials in each of those locations.   Still, in many far North American tribal languages, the period around the month of March was called “the month of hunger.”

Brassicas, potatoes, beans

The beauties of nature and its beneficent creations are awe inspiring.  But so, too, are is its mercurial powers of destruction.   Even people who live in cities experience the devastation of tornadoes, hurricanes, and “snowmaggedons.”  But it is people who grow some of their own food who understand why an evocative phrase like “the dog days of summer” could strike visceral fear in those who experienced that weather.     

Are you advocating to lower fossil fuels? How about that bouquet?

In this series of articles, I am not really weighing in on arguments about fossil fuels and peak oil.  My lifestyle in a remote Alaska cabin says enough about how my husband and I have decided to live. 

I do want to encourage those who advocate against fossil fuel use and investment, those who are, by definition, telling other people what to do, to EXAMINE THEIR OWN CHOICES and ACTIONS FIRST.  The easiest way to crater an advocacy group is to document a lack of integrity.  Hypocrisy is another word for that. I hear a lot of “talk the talk.” I see less of “walk the walk.”

So… let’s consider those lovely bouquets on the tables at an anti fossil fuel fund raising gala, or the flowers on the chancel of a social justice oriented church or non-profit or outside an office or home advocating for divestment from fossil fuel companies.

Fresh, local flowers

If you or others you know are concerned about carbon footprints and social justice, the international floral industry warrants your consideration.  Did you know that 80% of all flowers sold in the US are imported, primarily from South American industrial flower farms?  For decades, these farms have been the subject of exposes about toxic chemicals and pesticides that poison the land and the workers, as well as onerous labor practices.

The world’s biggest producers of familiar flowers are:

Roses:  Ecuador

Tulips and Peonies:  The Netherlands

Carnations:  Colombia

Orchids:  Thailand

Internationally, the top producers of cut flowers in the world are the Netherlands (52%), Colombia (15%) and Ecuador (9%) as of 2023. Kenya and Ethiopia are #4 and #5.  The USA is not even in the top ten.

In addition to the chemicals and labor issues, we can quantify the carbon footprint of transporting those lovely flowers to the church chancel, wedding, funeral, or dining room table.  According to the International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT), in the three weeks preceding Valentine’s Day in 2018, 30 freight planes carried loads ENTIRELY comprised of flowers into the US EVERY SINGLE DAY.  The environmental impact of delivering those 15,000 tons of flowers was 360,000 metric tons of CO2 and 115 million liters of airplane fuel.   

If this information prompts you to reconsider your purchases of bouquets, what might you do instead?

·         Buy in-season flowers and plants that are grown locally.

·         Grow your own flowers and plants.

Home harvested flowers and honey

·         Enliven your church, home, synagogue, community center, and office with long lasting, living plants.

·         Decorate with other natural products, such as shells, leaves, rocks, pine cones, or branches.  A church in Alaska decorates its chancel with a lovely structure of birch trunks, rather like a huppah. 

·         Engage friends, family, and members of the congregation to create art works depicting plants and other aspects of nature, such needlepointed images, or framed, pressed flowers. 

·         The cleverest art installation I saw was at a Houston, TX synagogue.  Arrayed along a long table was a beautiful display of 20 bouquets that I thought were made of glass.  In actuality, the synagogue’s resident artist taught adults and children to cut up used plastic soda and other bottles of various colors to create individual works of art that look stunning en masse!

·      Botanical gardens offer great ideas and classes, such as creating cement leaf prints as stepping stones and birdbaths.

·      Feature a wall of nature photographs, taken by church members, or a rotating power point display.

Before people tell others what to do, I encourage any of us with opinions to research our own lifestyle choices first.  Asking simple questions, like “where does this bouquet come from” is eye opening. 

Do you want to diminish your personal fossil fuel usage?  If you do, grow a plant.  Don’t buy a bouquet from the supermarket.  Don’t buy them for your next climate change gala. 

May the answers arm us to make intentional choices that synchronize with our values.

For more information, see these and many other articles:  

·       Floristry and Floriculture Industry Statistics & Trends (2023)

By Petal Republic Team,               

·    https://www.solidaritycollective.org/post/the-true-cost-of-flowers-labor-practices (2020),

·    https://www.solidaritycollective.org/post/the-true-cost-of-flowers-labor-practices (2019)

Are You Advocating against Fossil Fuels? What is the Elephant in the Room? The Room Itself.

 

When conscientious people gather to discuss carbon foot print topics and advocate to reduce fossil fuel usage, the elephant in the room may be… the room itself.  Look around.  What is the room made of?

Although the carbon footprint of operational aspects of buildings, like lighting, heating, cooling, and cooking have been widely discussed, has your group discussed the structural elements themselves? 

According to the UN’s environmental website (UNEP.org) and the BBC.com, the global construction industry accounts for a whopping 37% of greenhouse gases, 33% of global waste products, and 20% of plastics.  Statistical sources vary by air pollutant, but in some of them, construction overshadows the deleterious impacts of the transportation industry.

One construction material people might not consider as a pollutant is concrete, which contributes 8% of global emissions  including 2.2 billion tonnes of CO2 (in 2016), 7.8% of nitrogen oxide emissions, 4.8% of sulfur oxide emissions, 5.2% of particulate matter emissions smaller than 10

A variety of plastics are incorporated in almost all aspects of building construction because they are versatile, lightweight, cheaper to transport and require less energy to produce than many alternatives.  Some plastic materials are strong enough for load bearing walls. PVC (the #1 plastic in construction) replaces metal in pipes and fittings and wood in flooring and doors. Polycarbonate replaces glass.  Polypropylene resists heat and shattering, so it is widely used in electrical cables and insulation.  Acrylic and polyurethane contribute to paints and varnish, and the latter to foam insulation.   Market analysts predict a doubling of global plastics production by 2050.  (3.rics.org)

Unfortunately, we all know that plastics have several long term disadvantages.  Some take 1000 years to degrade, and others break up into microplastics much faster, ending up in the oceans, fish, soil, and even rain.  The inhalation and ingestion of many plastics are associated with toxic outcomes and diseases.  Almost anyone recognizes the folly of lingering in a closed room with new paint or new nylon carpet, or inhaling fibers from insulation.    

What about recycling plastic construction materials?  Many clever installations showcase the potential, including bridges, bus shelters, windows, decks and docks.  However, the toxic aspects of plastic do not magically disappear when recycled. 

Few people concerned about fossil fuels and pollution will abandon their current structures for buildings made of straw bales or mud.  Few want to live like my husband and I do – off-grid in a simple log cabin heated by firewood we gather.  I understand that. 

But for people who wave placards at state buildings and colleges to divest from oil and gas companies and reduce reliance on fossil fuels, a first step is to itemize their own, personal dependence on these materials.  Apply a modicum of self-reflection and personal action so that their advocacy is not hypocritical.  How dependent are they on products made from petroleum?  What alternatives are they willing to buy or make instead?  What is the cost differential?   What are they willing to do without?  Air conditioning?  Heating?  Nylon rugs?

A current hot topic may be gas stoves, but the house or building that surrounds that stove, flanked by a cement sidewalk, is a much bigger culprit.

Learning Projects for Families, Communities, Congregations, and Schools

·          Take a written inventory of construction plastic in your home or group meeting room.  Look under the sink at pipes, check the ceiling tiles, flooring, counters, sheetrock, insulation, windows and trim, doors, banisters, counters, cabinetry, shelving, light switches, gutters, decks. 

·         Research and record the costs/benefits/deficits of construction alternatives.  Examples:  contrast the merits of PVC vs metal plumbing pipes and gutters or wood vs plastic doors, flooring, trim.  What alternatives exist for plastic in wiring?  What is the R factor of insulation made from non-plastic materials?

·         Develop a pie chart of the percentages of various plastics in construction

·         Develop a pie chart of biggest polluting industries (for differing greenhouse gases), including utilities, transportation, construction, and packaging.

·         Research the many clever uses of recycled, repurposed and upcycled construction materials.  (For example, DIY websites list 1000 reuses of wooden pallets, from fences to wine racks, and reuses of plastic bottles as windows.)   

·         Engage a local plastics recycler or construction contractor as a guest speaker to answer questions about the production, use, and disposal of construction materials in your town.

·         Utility companies in many locations offer a free energy assessment to senior citizens and other residents.  Publicize this to your community. 

·         Invite an architect or contractor knowledgeable about LEED certification to answer questions about the carbon footprint of various construction techniques.

·         Research innovative or ancient construction techniques without plastic, concrete, and metal, including straw bale, adobe, and log buildings. 

·          If your home, office, or church is considering renovation, ask for carbon footprint/trash information before you compare bids.

 

Advocates for reducing dependence on fossil fuels may be noble or foolish, but those who focus only on the transportation industry and drive an electric car are naïve about their own complicity.

 

The buildings that shelter us from nature are also damaging it.  You may not move into a straw hut, but you will know a lot more about the shelter you occupy and how much you rely on the materials you may be advocating against.   Sometimes, truth is hard.

 

 

Resources:   https://www.nature.com/articles/s41558-020-0733-0

UNEP.org

https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-46455844

(3.rics.org)

 

 

UUMFE: Plastic furniture and decor

 

·         Earthday.org has a personal use plastic calculator per year.  It focuses on container products like water bottles and plastic bags.   

·         Take an inventory of plastic furnishings and decor in a meeting room or a room in your home.  Consider paint (acrylic or oil based), plastic chairs and tables, melanine shelves and cabinets, “glass-like” light fixtures, carpeting, flooring, trim, window coverings like blinds or fabrics, TVs and screens, computers and screens, white boards and markers.  Clocks, laminated posters.    

·         Now go on line to calculate the cost of non - plastic alternatives to some of them.  Examples:

o    Cost of a chalk board and chalk vs a white board and markers

o    Cost (and longevity) of a sisal or other rung vs. the nylon carpet

o   Cost of a wooden table and wooden chairs compared the same number of plastic tables and plastic chairs

o   What are alternatives to current ceiling and wall surfaces?

o   How much would fans reduce A/C and heat expenditures?

o   How much would doors and dividers cut down A/C and heat expenditures?